We have provided here the chapter 3 The Making of a Global World Notes Class 10 History according to the latest syllabus of Class 10 board exams. This post has covered all topics of class 10 history Chapter 3 the Making of a Global World for the session 2024-25.
Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World Notes Class 10 History
Pre modern World
Globalization refers to the system that interlinked people of different countries of the world through trade, migration of people in search of work and movement of capital etc .It had emerged fifty years ago.
•Since ancient times, travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims have travelled vast distances for knowledge, opportunities, spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution.
•They carried goods, money, values, skills,ideas, invention and even germs and disease through globalization.
•As early as 3000 BCE, an active coastal trade linked the Indus Valley civilisations with present-day West Asia.
•Cowries (Hindi cowdi or seashells used as a form of currency) found their way to China and East Africa.
1.1 Silk route in the Global World
The Silk Routes are an excellent example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.
•Historians have identified several silk routes, both overland and by sea, connecting vast regions of Asia and linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa.
•Chinese pottery passed the same silk route as spices and textiles from India and southeast Asia and in return , precious metals like gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia.
•Trade and cultural exchanges went hand in hand as muslim preachers from Asia and Christian missionaries from Europe travelled the silk route to spread their ideas.
•Buddhism from eastern India spread in different parts of world through the points on the silk routes.
1.2 Food Travels: Spaghetti and Potato
Food offers many examples of long-distance cultural exchange.
•Traders and travellers introduced new crops. For instance, noodles travelled west from China and became spaghetti.
•Arabs traders brought pasta to Sicily in Italy in 5th century.
•About five centuries ago, our ancestors were unfamiliar with common foods like potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, and sweet potatoes. These introduced in Asia and Europe after the discovery of America where American Indian, the original inhabitants of America used them by Christopher Columbus.
•Humble Potato –Europe’s poor lived longer and Ireland poorest peasants dependent on potato for their survival .When this crop was destroyed, thousands of people died of starvation
1.3 Conquest, Disease and Trade
•In the 16th century,pre modern world shranked and European sailors discovered sea route to Asia and the Indian Ocean had bustling trade with goods, people, knowledge, and customs crisscrossing its waters. Europeans entered and redirected these flows towards Europe.
•After the discovery of America and since the 16th century,its crops and trade transformed trade and lives everywhere.
•Precious metals particularly silver from the mines of present day Peru and Mexico enhanced the Europe’s wealth and financed it’s trade with Asia.
•Many expedition set off in search of El Dorado,the fabled city of gold.
•By the mid-sixteenth century, the Portuguese and Spanish had decisively conquered and colonised America.
•The Europeans’ most powerful weapon were germs like smallpox, which they carried on their people instead of conventional military arms .
Smallpox proved to be a deadly killer as American inhabitants had not developed immunity against this disease that came from Europe.It killed and reduced the whole communities and paved the way of conquest.
•Until the nineteenth century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe ,plantation worked by slaves captured in Africa were growing cotton and sugar for European market.
•Until well into the eighteenth century, China and India were among the world’s richest countries.
• From the fifteenth century, China restricted overseas contacts and retreated into isolation . China’s isolation moved the centre of trade to Europe and then it emerged as the centre of world trade